What is gonorrhea?

Gonorrhea is an infection caused by a sexually transmitted bacterium that can infect both males and females. Gonorrhea most often affects the urethra, rectum or throat. In females, gonorrhea can also infect the cervix.
Gonorrhea is a very common infectious disease in the U.S. Each year, according to the CDC, there are as many as 700,000 new cases, with less than half of them reported to the CDC. There were 309,341 reported cases of gonorrhea in the U.S. in 2010.  Sexually active teenagers have one of the highest rates of reported infections.

How is gonorrhea passed on?

Gonorrhea is passed on through penetrative sex, including:
- vaginal sex
- anal sex
- oral sex. Oral sex can either transmit gonorrhea from the genitals to the throat of the person giving the stimulation, or it can pass an infection from the throat to the genitals of the person receiving stimulation.
Less often it can be transmitted by:
- a person using their mouth and tongue to lick or suck another person's anus;
- a person putting fingers into the vagina, anus or mouth of someone infected with gonorrhea, then touching their own mouth, genitals or anus without washing their hands in between.

What are gonorrhea symptoms?

Symptoms of gonorrhea usually appear 2 - 5 days after infection, however, in men, symptoms may take up to a month to appear. Some people do not have symptoms. They may be completely unaware that they have caught the infection, and therefore do not seek treatment. This increases the risk of complications and the chances of passing the infection on to another person.
Symptoms in men include:
- Burning and pain while urinating
- Increased urinary frequency or urgency
- Discharge from the penis (white, yellow, or green in color)
- Red or swollen opening of penis (urethra)
- Tender or swollen testicles
- Sore throat (gonococcal pharyngitis)
Symptoms in women can be very mild or nonspecific, and may be mistaken for another type of infection. They include:
- Vaginal discharge
- Burning and pain while urinating
- Increased urination
- Sore throat
- Painful sexual intercourse
- Severe pain in lower abdomen (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and stomach area)
- Fever (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and stomach area)
If the infection spreads to the bloodstream, fever, rash, and arthritis-like symptoms may occur.

How is gonorrhea diagnosed?

To determine whether the gonorrhea bacterium is present in your body, your doctor will analyze a sample of cells. Samples can be collected by:
- Urine test. This may help identify bacteria in your urethra.
- Swab of affected area. A swab of your throat, urethra, vagina or rectum may collect bacteria that can be identified in a laboratory.
Testing for other sexually transmitted infections
Your doctor also may recommend tests for other sexually transmitted infections. Gonorrhea increases your risk of these infections, particularly chlamydia, which often accompanies gonorrhea. Testing for HIV is also recommended for anyone diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. Depending on your risk factors, tests for additional sexually transmitted infections could be beneficial as well.

How is gonorrhea treated?

There are two goals in treating a sexually transmitted disease, especially one as easily spread as gonorrhea. The first is to cure the infection in the patient. The second is to locate and test all of the other people the person had sexual contact with and treat them to prevent further spread of the disease.
Never treat yourself without being seen by your doctor first. Your health care provider will determine the best and most up-to-date treatment.
About half of the women with gonorrhea are also infected with chlamydia, another very common sexually transmitted infection. Chlamydia is treated at the same time as a gonorrhea infection.
You should receive the hepatitis B vaccine. If you are younger than 26, you also need the HPV vaccine.
A follow-up visit 7 days after treatment is important if joint pain, skin rash, or more severe pelvic or belly pain is present. Tests will be done to make sure the infection is gone.
All sexual contacts of the person with gonorrhea should be contacted and tested. This helps prevent further spread of the disease. In some places you may be able to take counseling information and medicines to your sexual partner yourself. In other places, the health department will contact your partner.

What is azoospermia?

Azoospermia is the medical condition of a man not having any measurable level of sperm in his semen. In some cases (eg blockage or absence of duct) the testes do actually produce sperm but it is not ejaculated and in other cases (hormonal problems, varicocele) there is no sperm production. In humans, azoospermia affects about 1% of the male population[1] and may be seen in up to 20% of male infertility situations.


What are azoospermia types?

There are two types of azoospermia. Non-obstructive azoospermia results from abnormal sperm production. Obstructive azoospermia is caused by an obstruction or blockage that prevents or harms sperm delivery into the ejaculate.


What are azoospermia causes?

Azoospermia can result from a problem with sperm production or sperm delivery, including:
- High fever - causing temporary lack of sperm
- Undescended testicle
- Testicle conditions
- Obstructions of seminal passages
- Testicle infection
- Certain hormonal disorders
- Sperm duct blockage


What are azoospermia symptoms?

Azoospermia doesn't cause any symptom in men. However men with azoospermia may find it difficult to make their wife or girlfriend conceive.


How is azoospermia diagnosed?

Azoospermia is diagnosed initially when no sperm can be detected under a high-powered microscope on two separate occasions.

Subsequent diagnostics will focus on determining the cause of azoospermia, which can help your doctor recommend treatment options. Your initial evaluation will include a complete medical history, physical examination, and tests of selected hormones. Your doctor will ask questions about your prior fertility, childhood illnesses or disorders, such as undescended testicles, genital trauma, infections, exposure to toxins, and family history of reproductive problems and other disorders.

Your doctor will then do a physical examination, taking into account things like testis size, secondary sex characteristics, and presence of varicoceles, which aer varicose veins in the scrotum.

An initial endocrine evaluation will also be done. You may be tested for measurements of serum total testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Elevated levels of FSH may indicate that your testicles are not adequately producing sperm.

Other tests may include a transrectal ultrasound, urinalysis, or testicular biopsy.


How is azoospermia treated?

Pre- and post-testicular azoospermia are frequently correctible, while testicular azoospermia is usually permanent. In the former the cause of the azoospermia needs to be considered and it opens up possibilities to manage this situation directly. Thus men with azoospermia due to hyperprolactinemia may resume sperm production after treatment of hyperprolactinemia or men whose sperm production is suppressed by exogenous androgens are expected to produce sperm after cessation of androgen intake. In situations where the testes are normal but unstimulated gonadotropin therapy can be expected to induce sperm production.

A major advancement in recent years has been the introduction of IVF with ICSI which allows successful fertilization even with immature sperm or sperm obtained directly from testicular tissue. IVF-ICSI allows for pregnancy in couples where the man has irreversible testicular azoospermia as long as it is possible to recover sperm material from the testes. Thus men with non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome have fathered children using IVF-ICSI. Pregnancies have been achieved in situations where azoospermia was associated with cryptorchism and sperm where obtained by testicular sperm extraction (TESE).

In men with posttesticular azoospermia a number of approaches are available. For obstructive azoospermia IVF-ICSI or surgery can be used and individual factors need to be considered for the choice of treatment. Medication may be helpful for retrograde ejaculation.

In our country folk, there are many herbs that can be used to cure diseases. There is one herb named cordate houttuynia. It is widely used because of the function of clearing away heat and toxic materials. As for the disease – prostatitis, cordate houttuynia is also a good herb that used frequently.  However, can a disease be cured with one herb? Absolutely the answer is no. The truth is, to cure one disease, only one herb is far away from enough. So to cure the prostatitis, in addition to cordate houttuynia, what herbs patients also need to add in?

Epididymitis, as a common disease of youth, usually occurs when immune system is weak. At that situation, bacteria or pathogenic agents like E.coil, staphylococcus or streptococcus can invade epididymis by spreading against the current after entering seminiferous duct. To cure this disease radically, Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill is the best choice. And here are the reasons how does this herbal work on this disease. 

Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can clear heat and remove toxin

Although lots of bacteria can be killed by antibiotics, however, pathogenic agents like staphylococcus, streptococcus or chlamydia also are causes of epididymitis. Herbal pill - Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill not only can clear away bacteria and inflammation, but also can clear heat and remove toxin. Thus, all bad materials can be cleared including these which cannot be cleared by antibiotics.

Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill makes bacteria in lumps nowhere to hide

Generally speaking, epididymitis patient commonly has lumps which full with bacteria or toxins on the head or the end of the epididymis. Although antibiotics can kill bacteria, however the lump makes bacteria in it hardly be eliminated. While Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill has the functions of promoting blood, soften hardness and dissipate mass, so the promoted blood can bring more effective materials into the lump and the softened lump can bring less obstruction to effective materials. Therefore, bacteria in lumps also can be cleared totally.

Epididymitis and prostatitis both can be cured by Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill 

Spreading bacteria from prostatitis is the second major cause of epididymitis, so to cure epididymitis, man not only need to cure the epididymitis, but also the prostatitis. Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill is such a pill that focus on curing men's reproductive diseases like prostatitis, orchitis, epididymitis and so on. And only by doing this, man can far away from the recurrence of epididymitis finally. 

Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill focus on improving immune system and self-healing ability

As I mentioned before, epididymitis commonly occurs when immune system is weak, thus, freeing from this disease totally, man needs to improve the immune system. Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill, as a member of TCM, also has the function that every TCM pill has - improving immune system and self-healing ability. So the improved immune system can prevent invasions of bacteria and other bad materials, and the improved self -healing ability can shorten the healing time and release pain.

source : http://www.diureticspill.com/Medical_Use/Orchitis_Epididymitis/20140509/541.html

Pain/Burning with/after Urination

Painful urination describes any pain, discomfort, or burning sensation when passing urine.

Pain may be felt right where the urine passes out of the body. Or, it may be felt inside the body, behind the pubic bone, or in the bladder or prostate. Pain on urination is a fairly common problem. People who have pain with urination also may have the urge to urinate more often.

Painful urination is most often caused by an infection or inflammation somewhere in the urinary tract. For example it may be a:
- Bladder infection in an adult
- Bladder infection in a child
- Swelling and irritation of the tube that carries urine out of the body (urethra)  
- Interstitial cystitis
- Prostate infection (prostatitis)
- Radiation cystitis - damage to the bladder lining from radiation therapy to the pelvis area
- Sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea or chlamydia
 
Painful urination and women and girls may be due to:
- Changes in the vaginal tissue during menopause (atrophic vaginitis)
- Herpes infection in the genital area
- Irritation of the vaginal tissue caused by bubble bath, perfumes, or lotions
- Vulvovaginitis, such as yeast or other infections of the vulva and vagina

source : http://www.drleetcmclinic.com/Symptoms_Checker/66.html